War and Peace Allusions & Cultural References

Literary and Philosophical References

• Laurence Sterne (1.1)
• Voltaire (2.1)
• Madame de Stael (4.2)
• Rousseau, "Of the Social Contract" (1.1)
• Caesar, The Gallic Wars (1.1)
• Mozart, "The Spring" (1.1)
• Rousseau, Julie ou la Nouvelle Heloise (1.1)
• Karl von Echartshausen, A Key to the Mysteries of Nature (about magic, alchemy, etc. – a very popular work that also found an audience in Freemasons) (1.1)
• Thiers, The History of the Consulate and the Empire (1.2)
• Napoleon's journals from St. Helena (1.2)
• Virgil, The Aeneid (2.1)
• Moliere, Les Fourberies de Scapin (2.1)
• Thomas a Kempis, "Of the Imitation of Christ" (2.2)
• Molière, Georges Dandin (2.2)
• Karamzin, Poor Liza (2.5)
• Racine, Phèdre (2.5)
• Jean de La Fontaine, Joconde (3.2)
• Madame de Genlis, Les Chevaliers du Cygne (3.2)
• Plutarch, "Life of Poplicola" (Epilogue.1)

Biblical References

• John 1:11 (1.1)
• John 1:1 (2.2)
• Parable of the fatted calf, Luke 15:11-32 (2.2)
• I Kings 6-7 (2.3)
• John 1:4-5 (2.3)
• Song of Songs (2.3)
• Luke 9:59 (2.3)
• Genesis 3:19 (2.4)
• Luke 7:47 (2.5)
• Proverbs 21:1 (3.1)
• Moses, Gideon, David (3.1)
• Revelation 13:11-18 (3.1)
• Matthew 5:32 (3.3)
• Luke 16:18 (3.3)
• Mark 11:9 (4.1)
• Psalm 115 (Epilogue.1)
• Matthew 25:29 (Epilogue.1)

Historical References

• Napoleon (1.1)
• Battle of Austerlitz (1.1)
• The French Revolution (1.1)
• The 18th Brumaire (when Napoleon overthrew the existing French government and installed himself as first consul) (1.1)
• Napoleon's campaigns in Egypt and Turkey (1.1)
• Freemasons (1.1)
• Napoleon's occupation of Vienna in 1805 (1.2)
• Demosthenes (1.2)
• The English Club (2.1)
• General Bagration's successful campaign in Italy in 1799-1800 (2.1)
• The execution of King Louis XVI (2.1)
• Robespierre's Reign of Terror (2.1)
• Napoleon's 1806 victories in Prussia and occupation of Berlin (2.1)
• Marquise de Souza's pre-revolutionary Paris salon (2.2)
• Religious wanderers in Russian Orthodoxy (2.2)
• Napoleon and Alexander's treaty at Tilsit in 1807 (2.2)
• Speransky, Head of the Ministry of the Interior (2.3)
• The Napoleonic Code, the set of codified laws put in place by his government (2.3)
• Russian annexation of Finland in 1808 (2.3)
• Napoleon crossing the Pyrenees into Spain in 1808 (2.3)
• Napoleon's annulment of his marriage to Josephine and remarriage to Maria-Louisa of Austria (2.5)
• Napoleon's arrest of Pope Pius VII in 1809 (2.5)
• The Continental System, Napoleon's blockade of trade between Europe and England (3.1)
• Battle of Thermopylae (3.1)
• Battle of Borodino in 1812 (3.2)
• Rastopchin, Governor of Moscow (3.3)
• False accusation and murder of Vereshchagin (3.3)
• French retreat from Moscow (4.1)
• General Kutuzov falling out of favor (4.4)
• Tsar Alexander falling into mysticism and conservatism and leaving governing to subordinates (Epilogue.1)
• Congress of Vienna in 1814-15 (Epilogue.2)
• Napoleon III (Epilogue.2)