Letter from Birmingham Jail: Main Idea
Letter from Birmingham Jail: Main Idea
We Should Resist Injustice Everywhere with Non-Violent Disobedience
In "Letter from Birmingham Jail," Dr. King says that we're all responsible for justice across the nation—and around the world. Justice isn't defined or contained by mere laws. After all, laws are basically just words written by human beings. When dumb, unjust laws get written and people suffer as a result, it's necessary to protest those laws by deliberately and non-violently breaking them, even if the resulting unrest and "social tension" is inconvenient for some folks. The time is always now for justice, and there's no good reason to wait for the right thing to be done by someone else. We always have to do it ourselves.
Tl;dr: Get off your butts and march for freedom, people.
Questions
- What's the deal with all this anti-outsider rhetoric? Why did the white clergymen criticize MLK and the other demonstrators for coming from outside the community? Does "outsider" stand for something else?
- What would Jesus have done in the '60s? Would he have marched with Dr. King? Is racial justice implied by the fundamental teachings of Christianity, as King suggested to the guys who he was writing to?
- Who's King's real audience for this letter? Is it the white clergymen who protested his protests? Others?
- Does the fact that King wrote the letter while sitting in jail make it more effective?
Chew On This
Non-violent civil disobedience is the best way to change our world; FYI, everybody, violence doesn't work.
"Letter From Birmingham Jail" wouldn't be remembered today if it hadn't been written from a jail cell. ("Letter From the Comfort of My Atlanta Office" doesn't have quite the same ring to it).
Quotes
Quote #1
Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. (4)
The logic of this quote can be extended to any community, however large or small, including the world community. Dr. King was a proud American, but the underpinning of his major ideas was a spiritual world-vision. The real question is what kind of garment are we tied in? A shirt? A blouse? Pantaloons? He doesn't say.
Quote #2
We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. (11)
Even though Dr. King is widely considered an idealist, he wasn't a dewy-eyed dreamer. Quotes like this one show how realistic he actually was. If you ask us, seeing MLK's dreams in the full context of an unforgiving world, a history of oppression and slavery, and the centuries-long struggle for justice makes them even more poignant and beautiful [cue inspirational music].
Quote #3
I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and who willingly accepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for law. (16)
This is like intellectual judo, where Dr. King uses his opponents' appeal to "law and order" against them, by arguing that it is in fact he who has the greatest respect for the law because he wants it to get closer and closer to the ideal and perfect form of justice. MLK was the Kyuzo Mifune of political and theological argument (obscure reference, we know).
Quote #4
Actually, we who engage in nonviolent direct action are not the creators of tension. We merely bring to the surface the hidden tension that is already alive. We bring it out in the open, where it can be seen and dealt with. Like a boil that can never be cured so long as it is covered up but must be opened with all its ugliness to the natural medicines of air and light, injustice must be exposed, with all the tension its exposure creates, to the light of human conscience and the air of national opinion before it can be cured (20).
Classic Dr. King. He uses a vivid and down-to-earth metaphor as the fulcrum of his argument: racial injustice in the South is like a hidden boil, a gross, festering sore that has to be acknowledged and examined in order to be cured. Blech, get it off.
Quote #5
Human progress never rolls in on wheels of inevitability; it comes through the tireless efforts of men willing to be co workers with God, and without this hard work, time itself becomes an ally of the forces of social stagnation. We must use time creatively, in the knowledge that the time is always ripe to do right. Now is the time to make real the promise of democracy and transform our pending national elegy into a creative psalm of brotherhood. Now is the time to lift our national policy from the quicksand of racial injustice to the solid rock of human dignity (21).
It's comforting to think of Progress as some great historical machine that keeps improving itself, going faster all the time, making life better and better without any of us having to do anything. It's also comforting to think of pizza and chocolate as the foundation of a healthy diet that will help us live to be two hundred years old. Unfortunately, neither of these things is true, and we have to get off our tushes (in both scenarios).