¹ William Walter Hening, Virginia election law of 1699, found in Hening's Statutes at Large, (Philadelphia: 1823), Vol. 3, 168-185, http://www.vagenweb.org/hening/vol03-11.htm, accessed 7 January 2009.

² David Alan Williams, "The Small Farmer in Eighteenth-Century Virginia Politics," in Stanley Katz and John Murrin, eds., Colonia America: Essays in Politics and Social Development (New York: Knopf, 1983), 414.

³ Donald Mathews, Religion in the Old South (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977), 6, 27, 47.

⁴ Ronald Heinemann, John Kolp, Anthony Parent, Jr., and William Shade, Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607-2007 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007), 70, 87.

⁵ Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), 22.

⁶ Charles Sydnor, American Revolutionaries in the Making: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1952), 55.

⁷ Ronald Heinemann, John Kolp, Anthony Parent, Jr., and William Shade, Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607-2007 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007), 74.

⁸ David Alan Williams, "The Small Farmer in Eighteenth-Century Virginia Politics," in Stanley Katz and John Murrin, eds., Colonia America: Essays in Politics and Social Development (New York: Knopf, 1983), 414.

⁹ Edmund Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: W.W. Norton, 1975), 345.

¹⁰ Edmund Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: W.W. Norton, 1975), 355.

¹¹ "An act concerning Servants and Slaves," October 1705, Hening's Statutes at Large, (Philadelphia: 1823), Vol. 3, Ch. XLIX, 447-462, archived by Crandall Shifflett, Virtual Jamestown, 1998, http://www.virtualjamestown.org/laws1.html#51, accessed 7 January 2009.

¹² "An act declaring who shall not bear office in this country," October 1705, Hening's Statutes at Large, (Philadelphia: 1823), Vol. 3, Ch. IV, 250-251, 252, archived by Crandall Shifflett, Virtual Jamestown, 1998, http://www.virtualjamestown.org/laws1.html#51, accessed 7 January 2009.

¹³ "An act declaring who shall not bear office in this country," October 1705, Hening's Statutes at Large, (Philadelphia: 1823), Vol. 3, Ch. IV, 250-251, 252, archived by Crandall Shifflett, Virtual Jamestown, 1998, http://www.virtualjamestown.org/laws1.html#51, accessed 7 January 2009.

¹⁴ Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 208-209.

¹⁵ Michal Sobel, The World They Made Together: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Trenton: Princeton University Press, 1989), 136.

¹⁶ Philip D. Morgan, "Interracial Sex in the Chesapeake and the British Atlantic World, c. 1700-1820," in Jan Lewis and Peter Onuf, eds., Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999), 60.

¹⁷ Philip D. Morgan, "Interracial Sex in the Chesapeake and the British Atlantic World, c. 1700-1820," in Jan Lewis and Peter Onuf, eds., Sally Hemings and Thomas Jefferson: History, Memory, and Civic Culture (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999), 68.

¹⁸ J.D. Fage, Roland Oliver, and Roland Anthony Oliver, The Cambridge History of Africa, 8 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975-1986), 5: 442.

¹⁹ Edmund Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: W.W. Norton, 1975), 422.

²⁰ Ronald Heinemann, John Kolp, Anthony Parent, Jr., and William Shade, Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607-2007 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007), 70, 87.

²¹ Robert Fogel, "Slavery in the New World," in Lawrence Goodheart, Richard Brown, and Stephen Rabe, eds., Slavery in American Society (Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath, 1993), 31-32.

²² Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, in Merrill D. Peterson, ed., The Portable Thomas Jefferson (Viking Penguin, 1975), 214. Also available online at: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/jeffvir.asp

²³ Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), 109.

²⁴ Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 328.

²⁵ Samuel Davies, quoted in Jeffrey Richards, "Samuel Davies and the Transatlantic Campaign for Slave Literacy," Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 111 (2003), 358.

²⁶ Donald Mathews, Religion in the Old South (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977), 7.

²⁷ Donald Mathews, Religion in the Old South (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977), 6.

²⁸ Ronald Heinemann, John Kolp, Anthony Parent, Jr., and William Shade, Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607-2007 (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007), 87.

²⁹ Robert Fogel, "Slavery in the New World," in Lawrence Goodheart, Richard Brown, and Stephen Rabe, eds., Slavery in American Society (Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath, 1993), 31-32.

³⁰ Donald Mathews, Religion in the Old South (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977), 69.

³¹ Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 193-194.

³² Charles Sydnor, American Revolutionaries in the Making: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1952), 36-37.

³³ "Jamestown—the first capital," available inline at: http://www.virginiaplaces.org/vacities/jamestowncap.html

³⁴ Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 353-354.

³⁵ "An Act Concerning Servants and Slaves" (the Virginia Slave Code of 1705), available online at: http://www.virtualjamestown.org/slavelink.html

³⁶ Kathleen M. Brown, Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, and Anxious Patriarchs: Gender, Race, and Power in Colonial Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), 221.

³⁷ Edmund Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York: W.W. Norton, 1975), 355.

³⁸ Rhys Isaac, The Transformation of Virginia, 1740-1790 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982), 109.