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Les Misérables Allusions & Cultural References

When authors refer to other great works, people, and events, it’s usually not accidental. Put on your super-sleuth hat and figure out why.

Literary and Philosophical References

  • Emanuel Swedenborg (1.1.14.4)
  • Blaise Pascal (1.1.14.4).
  • Cicero (3.1.12.2)
  • Edmund Burke (3.1.12.2).
  • Jean-Paul Marat (3.3.3.2).
  • Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote (5.1.20.24)

Historical References

  • Battle of Waterloo (2.1.1.1-2.1.19.42)
  • June Revolt (4.10.2.1-5.2.6.7).
  • The Terror (1.1.10.73)
  • The French Revolution (1.1.10.43)
  • The July Monarchy (4.1.4.8)
  • King Louis-Philippe (4.1.4.2)
  • Charles X (4.1.1.19)
  • The Bourbon Restoration (4.1.1.3)
  • Louis XVIII (4.1.1.8).