Handicraft

Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory

Marx looks at three broad categories of production in Das Kapital. At one extreme is handicraft, which is people making things independently by means some skill they possess. Someone with an Etsy shop who is making crafts by him- or herself and selling those crafts is working handicraft. Historically, that's the earliest form of labor historically.

The other extreme is large-scale industry. Just picture factory workers making steel beams or something, and you've got the right idea. Large-scale industry was the most recent form of labor in Marx's day.

In between handicraft and large-scale industry is manufacture, which is a separate item in our "Symbols" section. Confusingly, Marx still calls the heads of the factories manufacturers—just be aware of it.